Cosmic Energy which is all around us can be express in
many way or named with many words with only one meaning : Universal Life Force
which is in all living being. To understand what is it and how it is expressing
in our body let see what and how it is expressing in our biological body.
In the physical body we have two types of energies.
One is known as prana and the other is known as mind or consciousness. That
means, in every organ of the body there should be two channels supplying
energy. Modern physiology describes two types of nervous systems - the
sympathetic and the parasympathetic, and these two nervous systems are
interconnected in each and every organ of the body. In the same way, every
organ is supplied with the energy of prana and the energy of mind.
In yoga, the concept of prana is very scientific. When
we speak of prana, we do not mean the breath, air or oxygen. Precisely and
scientifically speaking, prana means the original life force.
Prana is a Sanskrit word constructed of the syllables
pra and an. 'An' means movement and 'pra' is a prefix meaning constant.
Therefore, prana means constant motion. This constant motion commences in the
human being as soon as he is conceived in his mother's womb. Prana is therefore
a type of energy responsible for the body's life, heat and maintenance.
Nadis, chakras and the distribution of prana
Nāḍi (Sanskrit नाडि, nāḍi = tube, pipe) are the channels through
which, in traditional Indian medicine and spiritual science, the energies of
the subtle body are said to flow. They connect at special points of intensity
called chakras.
Nadis are not nerves but rather channels for the flow
of consciousness. The literal meaning of nadi is "flow". Just as the
negative and positive forces of electricity flow through complex circuits, in
the same way, prana shako (vital force) and manas shako (mental force) flow
through every part of our body via these nadis. According to the tantras there
are 72,000 or more such channels or networks through which the stimuli flow
like an electric current from one point to another.
Nadis are thought to carry a life force energy known
as prana in Sanskrit, or qi in Chinese-based systems.
In particular prana
(active) is supposed to circulate inside Pingala, while apana (passive) is
supposed to circulate inside Ida. Inside Sushumna is supposed to circulate
kundalini when awakened. The Ida and Pingala nadis are often seen as referring
to the two hemispheres of the brain.
Pingala is the extroverted (Active), solar
nadi, and corresponds to the right hand side of the body and the left hand side
of the brain. Ida is the introverted, lunar nadi, and corresponds to the left
hand side of the body and the right hand side of the brain (there is a
contralateralization). These nadis are also said to have an extrasensory
function, playing a part in empathic and instinctive responses. The two nadis
are believed to be stimulated through different Pranayama practices, including
nadi shodhana, which involves alternate breathing through left and right
nostrils, which would alternately stimulate respectively the left and right sides
of the brain. The word nadi comes from the Sanskrit root nad meaning
"channel", "stream", or "flow". The rhythmical
breathing and special breathing techniques are supposed to influence the flow
of these nadis or energetic currents. According to this kind of interpretation
(which is the Yoga interpretation) the breathing techniques will purify and
develop these two energetic currents and will lead to breathing special
exercises whose goal is to awake kundalini among seven Nadi Chakras in our
body. Of the seven, four are in the trunk of the body, two in the head- and
there is one in the neck. Chakra is the power center associated with the subtle
body of man. Each chakra is ruled by an incarnation of Goddess Parashakti.
In normal biological reference, a nadi can be
translated into "nerve" in English. However, in yogic, and
specifically in Kundalini yoga reference, a nadi can be thought of as a channel
(not an anatomical structure). In regard to Kundalini yoga, there are three of
these nadis: ida, pingala, and sushumna. Ida (इडा,
iḍā, spoken "iRda") lies to the
left of the spine, whereas pingala (पिङ्गल,
piṅgala) is to the right side of the spine,
mirroring the ida. Sushumna (सुषुम्ना, suṣumnā) runs along the spinal cord in the
center, through the seven chakras – Mooladhaar at the base, and Sahasrar at the top (or
crown) of the head. It is at the base of this sushumna where the Kundalini lies
coiled in three and a half coils, in a dormant or sleeping state.
Ida, Pingala and Sushumna
Amongst these chanals or nadis, three are of the
utmost importance: the Medullar Sushumna, which interpenetrates the
cerebrospinal axis from the perineum to the juncture of the lamboid and
sagittal suture of the cranium, and it is associated with both nostrils being
open and free to the passage of air. The 'lunar Serpentine Ida' of the left
side, of a pale color, negative polarity. It is associated with feminine
attributes, the Yin element of Chinese philosophy, and an open left nostril;
the solar Serpentine Pingala of the right side, red color, positive polarity.
It is associated with masculine attributes, the Yang element of Chinese
philosophy, and an open right nostril. Those are the main nadis, but in some
tantric texts more than 72,000 nadis are cited. They all start from the central
channel of the chakras to the periphery, where they gradually become thinner.
Sushumna (alternatively known as Susumna) Nadi
connects the base chakra to the crown chakra. It is very important in Yoga and
Tantra in general. Alternative medicine also refers to Sushumna sometimes. In
Raja Yoga or Yoga of Patanjali, when the mind is quietened through Yama,
Niyama, Asana and Pranayama the important state of Pratyahara begins. A person
entering this state never complains of Dispersion of Mind. This is
characterised by observing the movements/jerks in Sushumna, the central canal
in the subtle body. The movements indicate the flow of Prana through the
central canal and in the process, the sushumna makes the way for the ascent of
Kundalini.
Pingala is associated with solar energy. The word
pingala means "tawny" in Sanskrit. Pingala has a sunlike nature and
male energy. Its temperature is heating and courses from the right testicle to
the right nostril. It corresponds to the river Yamuna.
Ida is associated with lunar energy. The word ida
means "comfort" in Sanskrit. Idā has a moonlike nature and female
energy with a cooling effect. It courses from the left testicle to the left
nostril and corresponds to the Ganges river.
The Ida and Pingala nadis are often seen as referring
to the two hemispheres of the brain. Pingala is the extroverted, solar nadi,
and corresponds to left hemisphere . Ida is the introverted, lunar nadi, and
refers to the right hemisphere of the brain. Ida nadi controls all the mental
processes while Pingala nadi controls all the vital processes.
In Western tradition, sometime the three main nadis
(Ida, Pingala and Sushumna) are related to the Caduceus of Hermes: "the
two snakes of which symbolize the kundalini or serpent-fire which is presently
to be set in motion along those channels, while the wings typify the power of
conscious flight through higher planes which the development of that fire
confers".In this framework of mystic western esotericism welded with yoga
concepts, sometimes the three nadis are related and named as alchemical sulphur
and alchemical mercury.
In the East, the symbol of the two serpents twisting
on the rod corresponds to the two currents Pingala and Ida which coil around
the Merudanda: the first is red, hot and dry, likened to the Sun and the
Alchemic Sulphur; the second, Ida, is cold and wet, like the Alchemic Mercury
and is correlated with the Moon for its silver pallor.
According to yoga, tantra and the science of
kundalini, prana is supposed to originate in pingala nadi. Within the framework
of the spinal cord, there are three channels known as nadis in yoga. One is
called ida, another is pingala and the third is sushumna. Ida nadi represents
the mental energy, pingala represents prana or pranic energy and sushumna
represents spirit or spiritual awareness. These three nadis originate in
mooladhara chakra, which is situated at the perineum or cervix. Pingala nadi
flows to the right from mooladhara and continues to cross ida at each chakra
all the way up to ajna.
There are six chakras through which pingala nadi
passes. The first one is mooladhara chakra from which it originates. The second
is swadhisthana where the nadi crosses to the left. The third is manipura
chakra where the nadi crosses to the right. And the fourth is anahata where the
nadi crosses to the left. The fifth is vishuddhi where the nadi crosses to the
right and the sixth is ajna where the nadi terminates from the right.
Similarly, ida nadi also crosses at each chakra but in the reverse order. Every
sincere yoga aspirant should have a clear understanding of the pathway of these
three major nadis.
Pingala nadi is the distributing channel for prana in
the body, and from each chakra the pranas are disseminated to every organ of
the body. From swadhisthana the pranic energy is distributed to the
genito-urinary system. Manipura chakra supplies prana to the digestive system
and anahata supplies the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. From
vishuddhi, distribution takes place to the ears, eyes, nose and throat, and
ajna chakra is the distributor of energy through which man's brain is fed.